Second-generation biofuels are advanced forms of renewable fuels produced from non-food biomass sources, offering a sustainable alternative to first-generation biofuels that rely on food crops such as corn, sugarcane, and vegetable oils. These biofuels are derived from lignocellulosic materials — such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, non-edible plant matter, and dedicated energy crops — making them more environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.